Status and Social Capital: A Cross-Sectional Quantitative Investigation of Flood Survivors in South Punjab, Pakistan

Abstract A growing body of evidence underscores that social capital mitigates the impact natural hazards such as floods. But we know less about distribution ties in developing countries regularly hit by shocks. Our study examined differences between demographic groups South Punjab, Pakistan affected 2010 floods, comparing respondents’ levels measured through proxies received support, perceived community cohesion, accessibility to leadership, and general level trust. We carried out univariate multivariate analyses factors including gender, education, occupation, landholding, family size, annual income, number livestock, home stability. Using data collected face-to-face interviews with 450 flood survivors, our analysis showed no statistically significant difference victims’ scores on all four scales based gender size. However, stability correlated capital. Respondents high land, higher stability, a government job typically had measurements ties. results show strong inequality capital, better connections assistance coming those who already have socioeconomic positions society.